Electrical Characteristics and Activation Potential of Bufo Eggs

Evidence that the voltage-dependent component in the fertilization process is contributed by the sperm.

To investigate the mechanisms that account for the voltage dependence of fertilization and provide an electrical block to polyspermy, we studied cross-fertilizations between three species of amphibians having different degrees of voltage dependence. Anurans, such as the toad Bufo japonicus, as well as the primitive urodele Hynobius nebulosus, have voltage-dependent fertilization; other urodeles...

CuMn2O4 nanostructures: Facial synthesis, structural,magnetical, electrical characterization and activation energy calculation

The work is the report about stearic acid sol-gel synthesis method, magnetically, electricalcharacterization and activation energy of copper manganese oxide nanostructures. The CuMn2O4 nanostructures are synthesized at a temperature of 600°C using the sol-gel method. The structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scherrer equation show that the crystallite size of CuMn2O4 is ab...

Temperature-Dependence of Glyphosate-Based Herbicide's Effects on Egg and Tadpole Growth of Common Toads

Glyphosate-based herbicide formulations are broadly used in agriculture, silviculture, horticulture as well as in private gardens all over the world, thus posing the risk of potential contamination of nearby aquatic bodies inhabited by amphibians. Concurrently, climate change can be expected to alter the temperature of amphibian breeding sites. However, while either glyphosate-based herbicides ...

Absence of the trade-off between the size and number of offspring in the natterjack toad (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bufo calamita</Emphasis>)

A trade-off between size and number of offspring was not found for females of similar sizes of the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita). Moreover, for large females, clutches with higher number of eggs had larger eggs as well. This suggests that larger females produce more numerous and larger eggs because they potentially have more energy available for reproduction. Egg size diminished allometricall...

Anaerobiosis in the segmenting eggs of Bufo arenarum.